Useful Links and Support

• NHS Understanding Bruxism
• The Bruxism Association
• The Sleep Charity

Understanding bruxism

Common causes of bruxism include stress, anxiety, misaligned teeth, and certain lifestyle habits such as excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption. Left untreated, bruxism can lead to long-term dental and muscular issues, impacting overall quality of life.

Bruxism can be divided into two primary categories:

1. Awake/Aware Bruxism: Bruxism that occurs when a person is aware. Typically caused by tension, anxiety, concentration, or certain habits, clenching is more prevalent than grinding.
2. Sleep Bruxism: Bruxism that occurs during slumber. It is frequently associated with sleep disorders and is not always related to tension or anxiety.

Effects of bruxism

If bruxism is left untreated, it can result in significant issues, including:

• Dental Damage – Continuous grinding can wear down enamel, leading to sensitivity, cracks, or fractures.
• Jaw Pain and TMJ Disorders – Excessive muscle tension can contribute to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, causing pain and restricted jaw movement.
• Headaches and Facial Pain – Frequent clenching can strain facial muscles, leading to persistent headaches and discomfort.
• Sleep Disruptions – Bruxism can lead to poor sleep quality for both sufferers and their partners due to the noise of grinding.
• Earache and Tinnitus – The excessive pressure on the jaw can sometimes cause referred pain to the ears or ringing in the ears (tinnitus).

Treatment options for bruxism

There are several treatment options available for managing bruxism, and the most suitable approach depends on the severity of symptoms and the underlying cause:

• Mouthguards and Splints – Custom-made dental appliances that fit over the teeth to prevent excessive grinding and protect against dental damage.
• Stress Management and Behavioural Therapy – Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), relaxation techniques, and lifestyle changes can help reduce stress-related grinding.
• Medication – In some cases, muscle relaxants, anti-anxiety medications, or low-dose antidepressants may be prescribed to help control bruxism.
• Physical Therapy and Jaw Exercises – Targeted exercises and massage therapy can help alleviate jaw tension and reduce grinding.
• Lifestyle Adjustments – Avoiding stimulants like caffeine and alcohol, improving sleep hygiene, and reducing stress levels can help manage symptoms.

If these methods do not provide sufficient relief, botulinum toxin injections may be a more effective solution for managing bruxism.

How botulinum toxin can help

Botulinum toxin is an effective and clinically proven treatment for bruxism. The injections work by temporarily relaxing the overactive masseter muscles responsible for clenching and grinding, thereby reducing the pressure exerted on the jaw and teeth. This treatment not only alleviates discomfort but also helps prevent further damage to the teeth and jaw joints. Over time, botulinum toxin can also help reshape an overly prominent jawline caused by muscle hypertrophy due to excessive grinding.

Benefits of botulinum toxin treatment

• Reduction in Jaw Pain and Headaches – Eases muscle tension and relieves associated pain.
• Protection Against Dental Damage – Minimises wear, fractures, and damage to teeth.
• Improved Sleep Quality – Reduces grinding at night, leading to more restful sleep.
• Enhanced Facial Aesthetics – Softens the jawline by reducing masseter muscle size.
• Non-Invasive and Quick – The procedure is minimally invasive, quick, and requires no downtime.

How to get help

If you suspect you have bruxism, it is essential to seek professional advice. You can consult your dentist for a diagnosis. In some cases, a custom-made night guard may be recommended to protect your teeth from grinding. However, for those who experience pain and discomfort despite using a night guard, botulinum toxin treatment may be a suitable alternative.

We offer consultations to assess your condition and determine whether botulinum toxin is an appropriate treatment option for you. During your consultation, we will discuss your symptoms, medical history, and any other treatments you may have tried.

The treatment process

The procedure involves injecting a controlled amount of botulinum toxin into the masseter muscles on both sides of the face. The treatment is quick and virtually painless, with most patients describing the sensation as a slight pinch. The procedure typically takes about 15-20 minutes, and patients can return to their daily activities immediately after treatment.

When can results be expected?

Results start to commence around week 2, when you start to notice some tiredness in the jaw, particularly after eating food. By week 4, the effect should start to be visible and grinding of teeth reduced.

How long will treatment last?

Botulinum toxin injections targeting the masseter muscle usually last between three and six months. Individual outcomes may vary based on factors like age, lifestyle, and metabolism. To maintain long-term benefits, regular treatments are suggested, with most patients opting for a 4-5 month interval to prevent the recurrence of teeth grinding symptoms.

Who is Suitable for Botulinum Toxin Treatment?

Botulinum toxin treatment for bruxism is suitable for adults aged 18 and over who experience moderate to severe teeth grinding and jaw clenching. It is particularly beneficial for those who have not found relief with other treatments, such as mouthguards or stress management techniques. However, botulinum toxin may not be suitable for individuals who have certain neuromuscular disorders, allergies to botulinum toxin, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. A full assessment will be carried out before treatment to ensure it is safe and appropriate for you.

Aftercare and Recovery

After receiving botulinum toxin injections for bruxism, you may experience slight redness or swelling at the injection sites, but this usually subsides within a few hours. It is recommended to:

• Avoid rubbing or massaging the treated area for at least 24 hours.
• Refrain from strenuous exercise on the day of treatment.
• Stay upright for a few hours after the procedure.
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption for 24 hours.

Most patients experience no significant side effects, and the treatment does not interfere with daily activities.